Sciatica vs. Lower Back Pain: How To Tell The Difference

Many people use the terms sciatica and low back pain interchangeably, but they are not the same condition. Understanding the difference can help you choose the right treatment and recover faster.

What Is Low Back Pain?

Low back pain usually comes from muscles, joints, ligaments, or discs in the lumbar spine. It is one of the most common musculoskeletal complaints and can develop from:

• Poor posture

• Lifting heavy objects incorrectly

• Muscle strain

• Prolonged sitting

• Degenerative disc changes

Symptoms of low back pain often include:

• Aching or stiffness in the lower back

• Pain that stays mostly in the back

• Discomfort when bending, standing, or sitting for long periods

• Muscle tightness or spasms

The pain is typically localized, meaning it stays in the lower back and does not travel far down the leg.

What Is Sciatica?

Sciatica occurs when the sciatic nerve becomes irritated or compressed. The sciatic nerve is the largest nerve in the body and runs from the lower spine through the hips and down each leg.

Common causes include:

• Herniated or bulging discs

• Spinal stenosis

• Piriformis syndrome

• Nerve inflammation

Symptoms of sciatica often include:

• Pain that radiates from the lower back into the buttock and down the leg

• Sharp, burning, or electric-like pain

• Tingling or numbness in the leg or foot

• Weakness in the leg

• Pain that worsens when sitting

Bottom Line:

While low back pain often comes from muscles or joints, sciatica involves nerve irritation that sends pain down the leg. Getting the right diagnosis is key to choosing the most effective treatment.

If you are experiencing persistent back or leg pain, an evaluation by PT can help determinate the cause and create treatment plan.